Ray tracing method with implicit surface detection for smoothed particle hydrodynamics-based laser beam welding simulations

An important prerequisite for process simulations of laser beam welding is the accurate depiction of the surface energy distribution. This requires capturing the optical effects of the laser beam occurring at the free surface. In this work, a novel optics ray tracing scheme is proposed which can handle the reflection and absorption dynamics associated with laser beam welding. Showcasing the applicability of the approach, it is coupled with a novel surface detection algorithm based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), which offers significant performance benefits over reconstruction-based methods. The results are compared to state-of-the-art experimental results in laser beam welding, for which an excellent correspondence in the case of the energy distributions inside capillaries is shown.